Kratobiography
A dive into kratom, the science behind it, and how the seemingly mysterious plant relates to America
Quick Navigation
God said, "Let there be trees."
For hundreds, if not thousands of years kratom has been used medicinally in southeast Asian countries. Soil in these regions is extremely nutrient rich due to consistent volcanic activity. For this reason, many sustainably sourced crops are exported globally from Indonesia and neighboring areas. Corn, rice, coffee, cocoa, rubber, palm products, and many other plants thrive in the welcoming tropical climate. Kratom, officially known as Mitragyna Speciosa, is a tropical evergreen tree native to SE Asia. It is a relative of the coffee plant. However, it does not contain caffeine. Long ago, locals discovered consuming the leaves helped them endure long grueling days of work. They say it relieves their aches, pains, puts them in a better mood, and helps keep energized to push through and get the job done week after week. Some even use it to manage anxiety or to help sleep. A large portion of the indigenous population utilize it, much like coffee, for increased productivity and/or to manage chronic pain. Kratom has been a staple in their ayurvedic practices. Touting over 40 alkaloids, this plant is versatile, and utilized for a wide variety of things.
Opiate Empire Drives Kratom Sales
Kratom started gaining some traction in America during the 1990’s. Coincidentally the drug Oxycontin was released and aggressively marketed in 1996. It was labeled as “safe, and non addictive”. Prescriptions of opiates and similar drugs grew rapidly over the years to come. Keep this in mind, we’ll loop back and explain the relevance. Kratom was mainly sold in smoke shops and a few herbal remedy stores. By the 2000’s it was becoming a necessity in every smoke shop. Sales exploded in retail shops. The severe lack of regulations allowed anybody to get into the game. After 2010 the “miracle plant” was being marketed everywhere. Businesses started making bold claims. Bottles and bags had “Get rid of your pain!”, “Helps you get off of opiates”, “Natural alternative to (insert medication)”, “Safe daily energy enhancing supplement”, and other brave statements stamped all over them. The highly profitable supplement industry has rather loose regulatory functions, so it was another easy and effective way for entrepreneurs to slide onto more shelves and make kratom attractive to a wider audience of consumers.
Simultaneous to the explosion of kratom sales, opiate abuse began to get out of control in the US. A large factor of the ever-expanding opiate epidemic is the illegal marketing techniques used by pharmaceutical companies to promote their drugs. We wish this was not true, but Purdue Pharma settled a $10-12 BILLION dollar lawsuit (over 2,000 cases combined) because of their promotion and use of shady marketing tactics. Multiple states, addiction sufferers, and doctors sued the company and representatives for under playing risks and exaggerating the benefits of OxyContin. We speculate a parallel can be drawn from the opiate crisis to kratom’s surge in popularity. People were likely searching for a natural alternative to get off of dangerously addictive opiates, and still receive the relief they originally sought out opiates for. There are certainly other variables at play, but it would be an amazing coincidence if both substances skyrocketed in popularity at the same time, all the while completely independent of one another. One could argue the rise of both of their popularity was an increased affinity for opiate related drugs by Americans. That may be true, but we’ll get into that a bit later.
The Wild West
Continuing on the journey- Anecdotal reports and miracle testimonies circulated through word-of-mouth and the internet about how people stopped using heroin, got off of opiates, managed chronic pain, and turned their life around by using kratom. As this natural remedy market continued to expand, the nonexistence of safety standards started taking a massive toll. A few retailers were “stepping on” or “watering down” the product to increase profit margins. Other companies were adulterating (adding other drugs or narcotics) to get people hooked. Nobody but premier vendors were testing the plant powder for bacteria, heavy metals, or microbes before dishing it out by the truckload to unwary customers. Buying kratom became a gamble. Years went by and still no quality control or rules regarding distribution, shelf life, etc were in place. It was complete chaos. Consumers became unwilling lab rats sifting their way through potentially dangerous products. In 2016 the rapidly growing empire hit critical mass. Several salmonella outbreaks, breaking news stories about kratom related deaths, and hundreds of phone calls to the Poison Control Center later- the FDA and DEA decided it was an opportune time to get involved. Uh, oh…
This Means War
A huge push was made in 2016 to make kratom a schedule 1 substance alongside heroin, PCP, and various other drugs. That would mean it would be considered more dangerous than Xanax (and all other benzodiazepines), methamphetamine, cocaine, Fentanyl, morphine, etc… Some states made it a felony charge to use or possess kratom during the mania. News headlines exploded with “Kratom overdose”, “The new opioid crisis?”, “Salmonella outbreaks linked to trending opiate-like drug Kratom”, “Kratom bust seizes thousands of pounds”, “Kratom linked to multiple deaths across US”. Yikes. Bills were drafted hastily to illegalize kratom and were making equally quick rounds through congress. Pharmaceutical companies lobbying to pass the legislature were giddy with excitement. A metric $#!+ ton of horrible publicity caused many unacquainted citizens to look at kratom as if it was another “junkie” drug. Things were looking grim for the 3-5 million Americans using the plant powder. In just the nick of time, America spoke up. Members of congress, veterans, active duty military, every day mom’s and dad’s, scientists, MILLIONS of kratom users and advocates congregated to shut the bill down. It was a truly amazing feat of unity. But, if kratom is so dangerous- then why didn’t the laws push through anyway? Vilifying headlines and articles coming from the news and government organizations didn’t have scientific substantiation. That’s why. Far more evidence weighs in favor of kratom. The battle was won… for a price.
Covert Warfare
Since the 2016 commotion, the kratom industry has been shoved into an extremely grey area (as if it wasn’t already). Lobbyists and politicians failed to make it illegal, so the next obvious step was to make things extremely difficult for vendors and consumers. Mitragyna Speciosa can no longer be marketed as a supplement. No direct claims can be made regarding the effects or purported benefits, despite any science in support of the statements. If a person or business says one wrong thing when marketing or talking about kratom the FDA flags the website, sends warnings, and threatens legal action. More new laws were passed behind closed doors, making any form of the plant much more difficult to import. U.S. Marshals have been ordered to seize tens of millions of dollars worth of product from legitimate and legally operating businesses. Customs started indefinitely “holding” thousands of pounds of kratom shipments coming into the US. Authorities are even going so far as to arrest and “drug bust” people importing or selling it.
Advertisers also stray away from these grey area products to keep their image looking clean. Media platforms like Facebook, Google, and YouTube regularly ban, hide, demote, or tear down any posts or material containing references to kratom. Card processing companies won’t work with any business that are affiliated with or sell kratom. Marketing these goods online is now dangerous and damn near impossible. Banks are hesitant to loan money in the herbal industries, meaning small businesses are far less likely to succeed or even be created. To this day, news organizations are still popping out completely misleading stories and articles in attempts to demonize kratom. We might as well join the circus with how many flaming hoops we’ve jumped through opening That One Place. We’re not walking on eggshells. It’s more like dancing on crushed glass, blindfolded, barefoot, with our hands tied behind our backs. Even after multiple lawsuits, pharmaceutical companies can still freely spread their products into every doctor’s office and hospital, but we can’t even talk about kratom online without holding our breath anticipating some form of blowback.
Opiate Overload in America
The war on kratom continues silently in America. Meanwhile, relatively little efforts are made to combat the exponential abuse of much stronger synthetic compounds such as Fentanyl. As of 2018 opiate overdose deaths QUADRUPLED in comparison to the year 2000. In 2019, 49,860 individuals died of opiate related overdoses in the US alone. That accounted for 70.6% of ALL overdose related deaths in the US that year. Scarier still, 72.9% of the opiate-involved deaths were because of potent synthetics like fentanyl. Breaking things down one step further, synthetic opiate analogs account for over HALF of ALL overdose related deaths in the United States. WHY ISN’T THIS ON THE NEWS!?!? Alabama had more opiate prescriptions than people many years running. Peaking in 2012 at 143.8 prescriptions for every 100 people. WHAT!? That’s almost 1.5 Rx’s filled for every man, woman, and child in the state! Instead of seeking alternatives to help manage the crisis, kratom was banned in Alabama and made a felony charge for possessing or consuming. Being placed higher on the watch list than the opioids they’re having an obvious problem with. Makes sense to us. From 2006 to 2015 the US average opiate prescription rate was 70 to 80 active scrips per 100 people. During Trump’s presidency things tightened up quite a bit. A steady decline was visible from 2016 to 2020. Charts in 2020 show about 43 Rx’s per 100 people. Inside 15 years of available data upwards of 143 million prescriptions is the LOWEST the national average has been. This is ridiculous! How did the government and regulatory bodies let things get so far in the first place? Not only are drugs being mass prescribed and mass marketed legally, the newfound narcotic addictions are opening a larger illicit market. Media outlets want to take every opportunity bash a plant that hasn’t actually been proven to be lethal, but don’t want to talk about the depth of a real tragedy happening in our country? Why aren’t media outlets and the DEA bringing the hammer down on the Fentanyl pouring in from the Mexican border? Since the 2021 administration revamped security protocols at the border, the cartel is taking advantage of America’s hunger for opioids. Fentanyl and related analogs are being smuggled in at record highs, linking to a higher rate of overdoses.
Cure Your Opioid Dependence...
With More Opioids
OUD (Opiate Use Disorder) programs and medications have been developed in an attempt to help the epidemic. Opiates, opioids, and synthetic analogs have a long list of side effects. Quitting them can be deadly. Your body forms both a physical and psychological dependence on the substance. Withdrawal symptoms are often times completely incapacitating. Some known symptoms are seizures, mental breakdowns, depression, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, cold sweats, and death in severe cases. Alternative opioids were created to try and form a bridge between abuse and recovery. Even with intense therapy, the narcotic’s chokehold on your neurochemistry is so powerful that persons with OUD are expected to experience multiple relapses on the rough road back to sobriety. When a dependence is formed, urges to keep taking the substance are so incredible, it becomes essentially uncontrollable. Suboxone, Naloxone, Methadone, and other similar treatments started being implemented to prevent withdrawals and allow people to get into therapy and return to a normal life as fast as possible. Opioids such as these are long acting, staying in the body for longer than normal periods of time. They’re designed to discourage cravings and don’t interfere with daily life activities as much as typical opioids do. On a positive note, people are successfully getting off and staying off of previous abuse habits with relative success utilizing substitute therapy plans. But…
New issues arise with this new class of drugs. Opioids are still opioids. Swapping from one drug to a slightly different one doesn’t fix the root issue. It’s like prescribing a methamphetamine addict Adderall and calling it a win. Treatment drugs still have similar side effects as prototypic opioids, and users still form the same chemical reliance to the substance. According to Harvard Medical School, only 25% of patients are able to successfully wean off of Methadone. Another 25% continue the treatment but are generally able to stay abstinent from other drugs. The remaining 50% cycle in and out of drug treatment programs between relapses. Post Suboxone patients have a measly 8.6% success rate in staying clean. Members of OUD therapy regiments often stay on the pseudo-narcotics for extended periods of time. 12 months is considered the MINIMUM for a normal methadone treatment cycle. On top of unintentional prescription pitfalls, some pharmaceutical companies selling the “therapeutic” prescriptions don’t seem to have people’s best interests at heart. The very same company that was sued for getting people addicted to opioids (Purdue Pharma), now sells a treatment opioid! Talk about cashing in on people’s suffering. Reckitt Benckiser Group, the manufacturers of suboxone, had a lawsuit for $1.4 Billion dollars filed against them for shady marketing tactics. Sound familiar? Again, products were mass marketed underplaying the dangers and boasting the benefits. Doctors started carelessly prescribing suboxone under the impression it was safer than it really was. These drugs aren’t void of risk. They’re still prone to abuse, and highly interactive with other substances such as alcohol. People have died from abuse or misuse of alternative opioids too. There has to be a better way.
Killer Kratom
Studies were performed in 2016-2017 analyzing kratom associated deaths, chemical processes, and the history of kratom use to assess the toxicity and dangers. Data samples from 27,338 overdose related deaths in the US were given to the CDC. Out of them all, kratom appeared in a whopping 152. That’s less than 1%. Digging deeper, only 7 of those 152 tested positive for only kratom in their system, however, the presence of other substances COULD NOT BE RULED OUT. Almost all of the deaths where kratom was consumed there were other substances proven to be involved. Fentanyl and related analogs were responsible for 56% of the overdoses where kratom was found in the body. Heroin and prescription opiates accounted for another large majority. Leaving benzodiazepines and cocaine responsible for the rest. Kratom was somehow ruled to be the cause of death in 91 of the 152. That doesn’t make a ton of sense as it was proven that other more dangerous compounds were involved. In later studies, scientists ultiately concluded none of the cases could be completely attributed to kratom. Tallying up a grand total of 0 people from this data set that died from consuming too much. Worldwide, one of the worst incidents to date was when Sweden reported 9 deaths related to kratom, but the product was discovered to have been spiked with Tramadol. Of course it was the kratom! How could this tragedy ever be attributed consuming dangerous amounts of opiates that were illegally added to the powder? Media outlets had a hay day with that one.
Scientists Weigh In
A complete 8 factor analysis was performed on kratom to assess abuse and danger potential. Scientists concluded there were 0 reports of children dying of kratom, and 0 deaths period that could be solely attributed to kratom. In one study, scientists consistently gave rats a concentrated dose of the alkaloids equivalating to 800 human 2-oz doses. Some quick math shows that’s almost 45kg or 100lbs of plant material needed for a human to reach similar concentrations. A chronic user taking heavy doses multiple times a day would take years to consume that amount, let alone in a single dose. The rats didn’t die or show signs of dying, they only began to show symptoms of dependence and/or withdrawal. Taking any chemical in doses such as that is bound to cause some form of physiological or psychological dependence. In fact, most things at that potency level will kill an average person. A dose of Fentanyl the size of a grain of salt is enough to kill a person. These findings stand in astonishing contrast to the mainstream portrayal of kratom. Drawing a comparison, this innocuous green powder is less toxic than caffeine, nicotine, and even table salt. All of which are considered safe and legal. Physiological studies of the effects of kratom show the alkaloids, no matter the dose taken, don’t cause respiratory depression(a leading cause of death from opiate overdose). Over hundreds of years and tens of millions of people using kratom, the entirety of SE Asia saw less than 100 seriously adverse events related to kratom. Once again, other substances could not be ruled out in these happenings. The 8 factor analysis quotes “… this is a substance and category of product with a remarkable safety record.”
Hold on a hot minute. Did a peer reviewed, highly regarded, heavily scrutinized, published piece of scientific literature just say kratom has a remarkable safety record? Furthermore, the study reaches a conclusion by saying “Kratom’s overall low potential for abuse and risk to public health and its extensive history of safe use, including findings from recent surveys in the US, suggest a strong benefit to risk profile that is within the range of current dietary supplements and over-the-counter products…” This analysis also states, “On the basis of the current state of the science and apparent public health impact, we do not recommend scheduling of kratom or any of its specific alkaloids under the CSA because it does not share the profile of prototypic morphine-like opioids with respect to abuse potential and safety, and surveys indicate that banning the products would put kratom users who are presently using kratom to abstain from opioids at risk of resuming opioid use and overdose.” These scientists are saying that it would be potentially MORE DANGEROUS to ban kratom than to allow people to keep using it. A postulation such as this from accredited sources affirms our earlier speculation that the increase in opiate usage was causing people to seek healthier alternatives. More recommendations were made in the conclusion of the article to create purity, packaging, and testing regulations so consumers can trust they are purchasing a safe product. Which, we 100% agree with. Vendors and kratom advocacy groups like the AKA (American Kratom Association) took it upon themselves to create their own elite set of standards. All of which parallel or surpass the supplement and food industry normal practices. Often times, companies go a step further to lab test every batch. Groups like this are diligently working with each state to pass the KCPA laws. Regardless of the laws, consumers tend to gravitate towards businesses with these safety standards in place because the product is pure, clean, and the quality is consistently exceeding expectations.
Final Thoughts
A total of 6 states, multiple cities, and counties have put massive restrictions or complete bans on kratom. Luckily, others have gone the opposite direction enacting the KCPA (Kratom Consumer Protection Act). This massively important bill encourages lab testing, packaging, manufacturing, and distribution standards, age restricted sales (over 18), proper labeling, disclosures, and more measures to ensure consumers are only receiving a safe, high quality product, free of contaminants and adulteration. It seems odd for businesses to want more regulations. Without these safety protocols in place, buying kratom becomes more dangerous and looks very bad for the honest people trying to get relief from the plant.
Studies continue to trickle into the public realm regarding kratom’s therapeutic potential, and the results are looking consistently positive. Pharmaceutical companies have yet to bat an eye, but patents and profits seem to lie in pills not plants. Research papers, and this “Kratobiography” can be quite a lengthy read. If you’ve made it to the end, we sincerely appreciate your diligence. Search engine algorithms prefer to show the bad news and misleading opinions, rather than the unbiased science.
We aren’t saying there aren’t risks or side effects associated with consuming kratom. It isn’t a panacea. It may not work for everybody… Nothing works for everybody. All things come with their own set of positive and negative consequences. As with any other substance, moderation is important. However, there is a clear bias when media and pharmaceutically lobbied government organizations are “informing” the public. Our goal is to dispel the fact from fiction, and have people decide for themselves what’s best for their individual needs.
Resources used in writing this page, plus more, will be linked for your convenience. PLEASE do your own research. This page is intended to be a collective database of highly credible information.
Legal Disclaimer: ***Kratom is not evaluated or approved by the FDA, it is not intended to cure, treat, or prevent any illness or ailments. Consult your physician for questions or concerns. Must be 18 or older to purchase. Keep out of reach of children. That One Place is not liable for any adverse effects that may arise from improper handling or consumption***
Q&A
Most frequent questions and answers
Here’s a quote directly from an NCBI study of kratom, “…Mitragynine had lesser antinociceptive effects than morphine, and these did not appear to be mediated by opioid receptors. The pharmacology of mitragynine includes a substantial non-opioid mechanism.” Some of the main alkaloids have been found to be partial agonists of the “mu” opioid receptor, but haven’t been found to influence the other 2 receptors to any substantial effect. Some studies suggest they are “weak agonists”, but a large portion of evidence shows the pain relief mechanism from kratom is not mediated by opioid receptor interactions. However, the alkaloid interactions with humans or animals do not produce respiratory depression, severe GI issues, or other dangers that opioids do. Additionally, kratom does not heavily influence the reward system of the brain, meaning its addictive potential and abuse profile is very low as compared to typical opioids that are highly addictive and dependence forming. A short answer to this question is yes and no. The biochemical mechanisms of this plant are extremely different and much safer than opioids, but scientists haven’t created a proper category to label kratom, so they call the primary alkaloids an “atypical opioid”.
This topic is quite touchy. People can become addicted to sniffing gasoline, chewing on their furniture, and just about anything. So unfortunately there’s no definitive answer. However, an 8 factor analysis for abuse potential and dangers of kratom shows a low abuse potential and remarkable safety history.
There are an extremely wide variety of reported uses for kratom. The most popular are chronic pain management, opiate withdrawal relief, energy, sleep, and anxiety.
Kratom is typically brewed like a tea. Other methods include mixing it with juice, water, capsules, or adding it to smoothies. Some brave souls scoop their dose of dry powder into their mouth and wash it down. We don’t recommend this method, as you’re prone to inhaling plant matter, choking, and it tastes absolutely awful.
It is important to exercise caution when fine tuning the right amount of kratom for your individual needs. Pharmacologically speaking, the current evidence shows it is extremely unlikely for a human to consume enough kratom to overdose, but taking too much can warrant unwanted side effects. These may include sweating, eye wobbles, nausea, vomiting, and heavy drowsiness. If you’re nervous or unsure how much is good for you, reference our Kratom Guide for a few pointers and safe practices.
Kratom: Under the Microscope
*Click to open the link*
The Facts of America's Opioid Epidemic
- Opioid Pharmacology: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4590096/
- CDC Overview: https://www.cdc.gov/opioids/data/index.html
- CDC Additional Info: https://www.cdc.gov/opioids/data/analysis-resources.html
- Withdrawal Symptoms: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526012/
- OxyContin Release and Marketing: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2622774/#:~:text=When%20Purdue%20Pharma%20introduced%20OxyContin,aggressively%20marketed%20and%20highly%20promoted.
- Rx’s Per 100 CDC Analysis: https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/rxrate-maps/index.html
- OxyContin Lawsuit: https://www.americanbar.org/news/abanews/aba-news-archives/2019/09/opioid-lawsuits-generate-payouts-controversy/
- Suboxone Lawsuit: https://abcnews.go.com/Business/suboxone-maker-reckitt-benckiser-pay-14-billion-largest/story?id=64274260
- Alabama Opioid use Surpassed 100 Rx’s Per 100 People: https://mh.alabama.gov/understanding-the-opioid-crisis/
- CDC Data: https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/deaths/index.html
- Tennessee Cases of Opioid Alternative Suboxone Related Overdoses: https://www.tn.gov/health/news/2018/1/8/tdh-finds-some-overdose-deaths-associated-with-buprenorphine.html
- Overdose Deaths Spike by 30% in 2020: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/nchs_press_releases/2021/20210714.htm
- Senator Grassley Speaks Up About Border Crisis: https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/grassley-the-border-crisis-is-fueling-fentanyl-deaths
- Alternatives Analysis: https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/medications-to-treat-opioid-addiction/efficacy-medications-opioid-use-disorder
- Methadone Pro/Con: https://americanaddictioncenters.org/methadone-addiction/pros-cons
- Methadone Minimum 12 Month Treatment Plan: https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/principles-drug-addiction-treatment-research-based-guide-third-edition/frequently-asked-questions/how-long-does-drug-addiction-treatment-usually-last
- Methadone Efficacy (Or Lack Thereof): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3629676/
- Suboxone Relapse Rates 90% or Higher: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5855417/
Government Organization Comments On Kratom
***Please note these organizations DO NOT QUOTE OR REFERENCE a vast majority of published studies on kratom despite saying “we are evaluating available science”. Much of the information provided by these groups exclude important findings and the articles are overall misrepresentative of kratom. Take the statements for what they’re worth. We have linked many credible resources to give a more complete picture***